Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that can form on the ovaries, typically during the menstrual cycle. They are common in women of reproductive age and usually benign, often resolving on their own without causing symptoms. However, some cysts may grow larger or cause complications, leading to discomfort or pain.

There are various types of ovarian cysts:

Functional cysts: These are the most common type and develop as part of the menstrual cycle. They include follicular cysts, which form when a follicle fails to release an egg, and corpus luteum cysts, which occur when the follicle releases the egg but does not shrink as expected.

Dermoid cysts: These cysts contain tissues such as hair, skin, or teeth, as they develop from cells capable of producing human eggs.

Endometriomas: Resulting from endometriosis, these cysts form when endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, attaching to the ovaries and forming cysts.

Cystadenomas: These cysts develop from ovarian tissue and can become quite large.

While many ovarian cysts are asymptomatic and require no treatment, others may cause pelvic pain, bloating, or changes in menstruation. In rare cases, cysts can rupture, leading to sudden and severe abdominal pain, bleeding, or infection.

Treatment options for ovarian cysts vary based on size, type, and symptoms. Small, asymptomatic cysts may be monitored with regular pelvic exams and ultrasounds. Pain management medications can help alleviate discomfort. Surgical intervention, such as cystectomy or oophorectomy (removal of the cyst or affected ovary), may be necessary for large or symptomatic cysts or those suspected of being cancerous.

Regular gynecological check-ups are essential for early detection and management of ovarian cysts, reducing the risk of complications and ensuring women’s reproductive health and well-being.